History of Ghana

Famous as the Gold coast, Ghana boasts of a very compelling history. It is named after the vast West African empire, famous for trade and early African civilization. Ghana traces its roots to the empire of Wandugu that was composed of the vast West Africa. Kings ruled this kingdom through the early decades. This kingdom is traced back to the 1240 AD.This was the kingdom of Sundita. This kingdom was then absorbed by the Mali empire which spread rapidly during the rule of king Mansa Musa during the 1307 AD.

Historians explain that, present residents of Ghana trace their roots to the ancient Ghana kingdom. The old Ghana lay 500 miles north of the present Ghana. The people of Ghana include a diverse community composed of certain communities. The old Ghana was composed of communities like the Mande, Mamprussi, the Dagomba and the Gonja. The Ghanaian history is also traced to the Akans Empire Senegal and Gambia.

Ghana became in the mid 50's. The Portuguese who found a lot of Gold along the Ghanaian coast adopted the name Gold Cast. However, this was many years back. The name Gold Coast was adopted by the British colonizers. The Portuguese had built ta castle named Elmina that was purposely aimed at facilitating gold trade. Over the years the Portuguese were edged out and the British and the Dutch were left in control. In the 19th century, the British were left as the only traders along the Gold Coast. They made the Gold Coast a crown colony.

Whiz Kids: World's Youngest iPhone Developers

These stories are indeed for the books. School-age kids have become the world's youngest iPhone developers.

Lim Ding Wen

Take the case of 11-year old Lim Ding Wen from Singapore which amazing tales are all over the internet. Various articles say that this wonder boy's first experience with the Apple IIS, the most dominant model in the Apple II series of PCs, came at age seven.

It may even leave you awestruck that Ding Wen is knowledgeable of numerous languages ​​like Java Script, Applesoft and Objective C that most adults do not even understand. This child developed his first iphone apps after turning nine years. Records show that Ding Wen's Doodle Kids was already downloaded more than 800,000 times through Android and Apple Platforms. Doodle Kids is simply superb since it provides youthful users drawing functions utilizing the touch screen and connect to Apple TV.

The boy is now a celebrity. Ding Wen co-hosts the "Apple IIGS" program with two sisters on their father's You Tube channel as being from developer of "Invader War" that was recently released on the iOS platform. The CNN International network christened one of the world's youngest iPhone developers as Singapore's "Icon of Cool".

Thomas Suarez

Another brainy techie is Thomas Suarez, a 6th grader from South Bay in Los Angeles. The smart kid claims to have been inspired by the late Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple and Pixar. Apple's Software Development Kit, which was released in 2008, motivated him to formulate unique applications. Thomas eventually started selling these creations and launched a club for schoolmates to let him share programming skills. As one of the youngest developers, Thomas Suarez describes a noble vision: Young students represent a technology resource and should there before be allowed to share their knowledge to enhance the school's program in information technology.

Aaron Bond

Aaron Bond is from the United Kingdom and belongs to the roster of one of the youngest iPhone developers. The 13-year old kid was responsible for developing the Spud Run Game in 2011 with the help of a good friend, Sebastian McNeil. At the tender age of eight, Aaron already had a small enterprise designing websites. The game entails the navigation of a mutant potato through a difficult maze within 40 seconds before being flattered. The duo managed to purchase sophisticated equipment costing £ 1,400 that was earned from repairing friends' computers. Another Five Geniuses

More whiz kids are emerging all over the world. Just a couple of years ago, the likes of TJ Pluchahek from Portland; Jonah Grant from Chicago; Stephen Huber from Detroit, Michigan; Joe Constan and Andrew Rauh from Dearborn, Michigan, came out as four of the up-and-coming apps developers. This new breed of programming experts has already come up with money-spinning ideas for novel devices and platforms. Expect these iPhone Developers to come up with conventions that will surely raise eyebrows. These young techies will surely produce more iPhone apps within the next few years and inspire other young people to follow their footsteps.

Top 5 Business Security Secrets

It's no secret that globally businesses are navigating through troubled times. The global economic downturn is having a catastrophic effect on businesses. When well known high street names that have been in business for up to a hundred years go bust, then businesses need to evaluate their business development strategy. One other factor which adds further misery to businesses trying to survive a recession is that crime increases exponentially. Crime against businesses is one of the first sectors to rise in a credit crunch. Large numbers of people are laid off or made redundant, they lose their income and many struggle to come to terms with the low income provided by the welfare system.

Those with criminal tendencies will turn back to committing actions of theft and fraud to raise money. Organized criminals also experience financial losses in any economic downturn and sadly businesses are usually the criminal's first port of call. My top 5 business security secrets are designed to assist all businesses to increase their security effectiveness and minimize the security risks of theft and fraud.

Top 5 business security secrets # 1- Conduct A Security Audit

Every business has security requirements, the problem is most managing managers and owners fail to realize this critical factor until it's too late. By too late I mean it generally takes an incident of employee theft, fraud or an act of vandalism or product tampering for the MD or owner to consider implementing security counter measures.

This is a positive first step; however security is best applied as a preventive action, rather than post incident. If security counter measures are applied post incident then the insurance premiums will have already been increased, or flagged for increase during your next trading year. Many MD's and business owners then take it upon themselves to conduct a security audit. This generally is pre-programmed for failure as unfortunately most MD's and business owners do not know what they do not know.

By this I mean, very few are skilled security specialists. The MD or owner security audit is generally driven by price, ie they will usually purchase security products based on the cheapest price, whereas a security audit specialist will focus on quality security products that will stand the test of time and assist in providing business support to the company as the business grows and prospers. A security audit for an SME size business can often be delivered in one to two days.

Top 5 business security secrets # 2- Form A Threat Management Unit

It is safe to say that most business applications and concepts that materialize in the USA tend to find their way across the ocean to the UK at anything between 5 to 15 years later. Threat Management Units or TMU's as they are known in business, are big in the USA and it's only a matter of time before UK businesses jump on the bandwagon. The role of a threat management unit is to analyze all perceived and actual threats to any business and then implement business continuity strategies to ensure the business does not fail because of critical incidents. All business aspects are covered by the TMU including, business growth, joint venture partnerships, due diligence, directors legal responsibilities to employees, employee checks, risk assessment and risk management, crisis planning, downsizing, redundancies, and a host of others. A threat management unit generally consists of two or three company employees, usually the senior company director or partner, the head of personnel or human resources and a manager. The threat management unit is then supplemented by a security consultant or a security director. (see top business security secrets # 5 for further information on security director.) It is important to realize that a threat management unit can and should be formed by even the smallest businesses as the strategies put in place can ensure that small, medium and large businesses can survive and thrive in the event of any critical incident.

Top 5 business security secrets # 3- Design And Test Your Business Continuity Plan

It's difficult enough surviving the current economic downturn without having to face the corporate trauma of losing your business because an external critical incident had an indirect or direct impact on your business. In the aftermath of the London7 / 7 terrorist bombings many businesses were affected by this critical incident. Sadly a number of them despite not directly affected by the bombing were forced to close down. Many of them were small and medium size businesses. Local coffee bars and retail outlets closed because the police and security services closed down the streets to pedestrians where these businesses were located. Some of the custodian restrictions lasted several weeks as scenes of crime officers meticulously investigated these areas. Few small or medium businesses can cope with a loss of all revenue for several weeks.

However if any of these businesses had a business continuity plan in place alternative methods would have been pre-identified to continue with income generation during the time of crisis. Business continuity plans are not restricted to acts of terrorism. They include any type of critical incident which can happen to any type of business small or large. For example; A fire or a flood

destroy your office or shop, an electrical fault blows all your computer and communications equipment. An employee steals valuable data and sells it to your competitors. A disgruntled former employee returns to your business to harm members of your work force. A business continuity plan is a fantastic investment for any business who are seeking long term sustainable business growth.

Top 5 business security secrets # 4- Research Your Business Competitors

All intelligence agencies conduct ongoing research and surveillance on their competitors. The old cliché of knowledge is power that every business coach and mentor bands around is strictly flawed. Knowledge is not power. Power comes from the actions you take from gaining knowledge. I'm not suggesting you hire a platoon of former KGB agents to spy on your competitors although I personally know that this service is available despite generally only to larger businesses. What I do advocate is the ancient Sun Tzu Art of War principle of, 'know your enemy-know yourself'. If this seems something extreme then it's time for a reality check, your business competitors are your business enemies and the war is driven by annual turnover and increased profits, since the need to research your business competitors.

With such advanced research technology offered by computers and the internet researching your business competitors has never been easier. For example most online search engines now offer competitor analytics which allows you an insight into how much they are paying for online marketing campaigns and who they are targeting. Just as it is in covert intelligence operations, being one step ahead of your competitor is key to success. In business this translates to long term business growth, sustainability, increased turnover and profits.

Top 5 business security secrets # 5- Hire A Security Director

This business security secret # 5 should not be dismissed because you think it is too expensive or beyond your reach. A select number of security experts and consultants hire themselves out to businesses on an annual retainer basis. The benefits of this concept are many. You and your business will have the ear of a security expert on call 24/7. You will not have to pay a full time salary for this security director, nor will you have to pay PAYE, national Insurance, holiday or sick pay, nor will you have to pay executive director benefits. In fact I know of some security managers who are retained by small business consultancy agencies for small to medium size businesses for the salary equivalent of a junior administrator. The fees payable for your security director are of course tax deductible. When you factor that this security director generally has a wealth of security experience and contacts which will all assist in your business growth and expansion of your business, then it's a very small price to pay.

A professional security director will be able to produce your security audit, and assist with your risk assessments and prepare a business continuity plan in case your business faces an unexpected crisis.

How To Make Your Breasts Look Bigger In A Picture Without Using Photoshop

A software application program, like Photoshop, for instance, becomes a wise investment when you want to know how to make your breasts look bigger in a picture. This program comes with many editing tools to allow you to change your look any way you want. Even without makeup and a few flaws, Photoshop can make you look beautiful nonetheless. Photoshop editing is a service now provided by almost all photography studios, but even you yourself can edit your photos so that you will look like you have bigger breasts in your pictures. All you have to do is make a one-time investment to purchase the software program and you're all set to have bigger breasts in your pictures.

Yet even without the aid of this revolutionary software, you can do so much to have bigger breasts in photos. Here are some of the ways how to make your breasts look bigger in a picture:

1. Straighten up. Simply assuming the correct posture when you sit or stand can significantly improve how your boobs will look like in the pictures. Straighten up your back and bring your chest a little forward, then make sure to tuck your tummy in as you would not want to make it look like your tummy is bigger than your breasts!

2. Wear clothes that are flattering for small breasts. Halter tops push your breasts up and they make your breasts look bigger than usual. Other options include:

* Tops in bold and bright colors (yellow would look especially nice, more so if you fair-skinned)

* Tops with thin horizontal lines across the breasts

* Tops with a single thin line under the bustline

* Dresses with ruffles

* Blouses with small embellishments right at the center between the breasts

3. Don't forget to wear a push up bra underneath your clothing. An alternative to push-up bras are gel bras or water bras. Just a friendly advice: many find water bras to be more comfortable.

4. If you want to wear something that's cut very low, appear to have more cleavage using basic makeup tricks. Simply dab on some highlighter (gold eyes shadow in matte will look great) on the upper portion of the breasts to bring them out forward and apply some brown eye shadow powder along the line between the breasts for more cleavage.

All these tricks will make your breasts look bigger in picture, but don't stop aiming for long term goals. Dream of permanently bigger breasts and work your way towards that dream. You can do this even without surgical intervention. Indeed, surgical breast augmentation is not the only way to bigger breasts. There are a number of breast exercises that you can engage in which help to increase your breast size while at the same time improve the shape of your breasts. Doing breast enhancing massages regularly also helps greatly.

Studies reveal consuming herbs like fenugreek and fennel can increase bust size, too. This is due to the fact that these have estrogenic properties. In most cases, women with small breasts have apparently insufficient amounts of estrogen in their body.

Consider investing on high quality organic breast enhancing creams and breast supplements, as well. There are many of these that women swear by their effectiveness. All these can be done even if you already know how to make your breasts look bigger in a picture.

Android VS iOS Application Testing

Now people live in the digital century - the time of mobile devices, electronic gadgets, IoT products, wireless connections, e-entertainment services, etc. People use mobile devices for various purposes - getting information, paying the bills, communicating with friends, solving business tasks, playing games, etc.

Every mobile gadget requires a special software program that will ensure the correct work of its hardware. Nowadays, the most popular Android for Android and iOS.

What are the differences between iOS and Android Development?

• Programming language. Current apps are created in Java (for Android-based programs) and Objective-C (for iOS-based programs). Some developers prefer Java because it is easily comprehended and the implementation of one and the same feature will require less Java code in comparison with Objective-C. But nowdays one more programming language is used. It is called Swift. This open-source language was created by Apple.
• IDE. For coding, the special place is required. It is integrated development environment, for example, Delphi, NetBeans, Visual Basic, etc. Google has Android Studio. Earlier, Eclipse IDE and Android Development Toolkit were used for creating Android-based applications. Apple uses only XCode.
• OS. While developing iOS-based applications, the developers and testers can use only Mac OS. But Android-based programs can be created on Mac, Linux and Windows. It is an advantage. Beside that, Mac OS is more expensive than Windows.

As the development procedure and architecture of Android and iOS products different, so mobile testing of the apps of both OS will also have specific features.

What Aspects Influence Mobile Testing?

• Deployment. The number of Android devices is larger than iOS and the process of updating takes more time in comparison with iOS. As a result, Android testing is more time-consuming and it requires more resources and effort. Moreover, sometimes for several product lines it is not foreseen to get the latest updates. iOS devices do not have such a problem.
• Screen size and resolution. The diversity of Android devices causes difficulties for their testing. There are many Android devices with different screen size and layouts. In general, iOS products are similar and their checking will take less time.
• Capacities. Every Android device has its own functionality and performance capacities and these specific features should be taken into account during Android testing. For proper operating, the software product requires the defined capacities.
• Usability. It is more difficult to execute usability testing of Android application as the interface of various devices is different. Moreover, it also depends on the version.

As a conclusion, the general procedure of mobile application testing of both iOS and Android is the same. But Android testing will require more time and resources because of a huge number of available devices.

Marketing With Business Cards

There are many different ways to market you business, especially when you have your operations running online. One very simple way to get your name out there is through the use of business cards. These can be bought reliably inexpensively and are easy to distribute.

The first thing that you are going to want to do is find a company that lets you order a large number of cards. I personally recommend Vistaprints at http://www.vistaprints.com . Here you will be able to create and purchase a large amount of cards at a reasonable price. I recommend ordering around 2000 of them. When you are in the process of creating your cards, make sure to register a domain name linked to your website if you do not already have one, and place it on the card. That way, all someone has to do is check out your website in order to see your product and / or opportunity.

After your cards arrive, you might ask, "What am I supposed to do with these now?" This is a very common question that I get all the time. To answer it, let me give you a few examples of how to get all 2000 of your cards out to the right people within a month.

You know when you get those pesky bills that you have to pay every month, well one great way to distribute your business cards is by dropping a few in with the payment of those bills. Remember, there is always someone who has to open your bill on the other end.

Another way that is very efficient when handing out cards cards is placing them in business books through your local bookstores. Next time you go to a bookstore, stop by the business section and place your business cards in a few books (not too many). That way your cards are directed to people looking for opportunities within the business realm.

Finally, you can never go wrong just handing them out to people you meet. When you give someone your card, there is a much greater chance that they will do business with you simply because they can put a face to the business. I highly recommend this method and never fail to use it myself.

By using this simple method of marketing with business cards you can plan on handing out all 2000 of your cards in the very first month of business. This will greatly increase the traffic directed to your company and hopefully increase your overall profits.

To your success,

The Different Types Of Commercial Insurance Brokers

To the average man or woman on the street, the world in which commercial insurance brokers live and operate will be little more than a mystery. The field of insurance in general is still barely understood by laymen and women, and with commercial insurance being one of its most specialized branches, this effect is felt several-fold.

Few people seeking to take out this type of insurance will be aware, for instance, that there are several types of commercial insurance brokers on the market, each with its own specific ways to operate, strengths and limitations. At best, most of these men and women will be aware of the existence of the main, larger insurance companies, with the countless smaller operators being known to only a minuscule portion of the overall demographic, mostly through research or word of mouth. Yet, on occasion, these alternative types of commercial insurance brokers may actually be more suited for what an individual or business is after than the more 'mainstream' alternatives; it is with that in mind that the present article seeks to introduce prospective clients to the different types of commercial insurance companies available, so that they may assess which will best suit their specific situation.

Insurer-Owned Brokers

Insurer-owned companies are possibly the most widespread and prolific sub-section of the commercial insurance market, and many of the most popular and best-known commercial insurance brokers fall under this category. As the name indicates, these outfits are owned by large insurance companies, who typically dictate their standards and practices. In certain countries, this model was considered the industry standard for commercial brokers for decades; it has, however, recently begun to lose ground, as the effectiveness of these types of outfits began to dwindle. Nowadays, many experts make a case for the model being outdated, and it is predicted that insurer-owned commercial insurance brokers will continue to lose market space in years to come.

Broker Networks

Broker networks combine several small commercial insurance brokers, all of which share resources, assets and market opportunities between them. In its ideal form, this is considered to be a beneficial model for companies that choose to join one of these networks, with many of them advertising better awards for individual brokers and service conditions for the companies as a whole; however, adhesion to this type of network remains uneven between countries.

Consolidated Brokers

Consolidated commercial insurance brokers result from one company assimilating, buying out or otherwise consolidating any number of smaller ones, in similar fashion to a corporate merger. At one point, these types of companies were the most common type of commercial insurance brokers in certain markets, with consolidations happening as frequently as once a week. The practice has significantly lost steam since then, however, mainly due to the fact that the exact benefits to be reaped from consolidation processes are not always clear. This has caused many brokers to sour on the practice, and much like insurer-owner brokers, it is thought that this type of brokerage firm may lose even more ground in years to come.

Independent Brokers

The fourth and final type of brokerage firm are independent brokers, that is, brokers which are not associated with either of the three types described earlier in this article. These tend to be smaller, often family or owner-run companies, with smaller and more personalized client bases, and frequently focused on more specialized or less explored areas of the field. Customers resorting to an independent broker can expect a more personalized service, with a higher rate of face-to-face interactions and more time devoted to each case. This type of company is less prevalent in the modern landscape than any of the previously listed ones, but there are still a few independent commercial insurance brokers left, and they tend to attract a small yet loyal customer base.

These are, in broad strokes, the main types of commercial insurance brokers available to customers. It is, therefore, up to each individual to work out which business configuration would be most suitable to their specific needs, in order to avoid disappointment down the road.