What is the Average Reading Speed ​​and the Best Rate of Reading?

The average reading speed of a child in primary school is around 200 words per minute (wpm). By the time we reach adulthood, it has not improved very much, as, on average, most adults read at a rate of about 200 - 250 wpm. While comprehension at this rate is considered reasonable, at 250 wpm it will be difficult to read large amounts of information in a short period of time.

Certain individuals claim to read at times of 10 000 wpm or even 25 000 wpm and say they are still able to understand all they have read. Even though rates like this may be achieved by these individual individuals, a speed of 1000 - 1200 wpm is the rate at which contestants read at the World Championship speed reading competitions. Therefore, if your average reading speed comes anywhere near this rate, you can consider yourself doing fantastically well. Do not feel that you need to reach championship levels in order to achieve your learning and reading goals. It is up to each and every individual to decide how far to push the speed limits!

For a person interested in increasing his abilities, a goal of 500 - 800 wpm is an excellent target. At this rate it is possible to get through large quantities of work in a short time and maintain a comprehension level of about 75% or more. This is an excellent level of comprehension and probably more than adequate for any of your required purposes. Compare this to the average reading rate of adults (200 - 250 wpm), where their comprehension level is only half or slightly more of the material they have read.

800 - 1000 wpm would be an outstanding achievement. In order to have reached this level, an individual may have invested in an excellent speed reading course and practiced speed drills. Believe it or not, comprehension at this level is also outstanding, reaching levels of 100% or very close to 100%.

Results of 100 - 200 wpm is considered a basic reading rate. In adult terms this is a below average speed, but for children between the ages of 6 and 12, it may be considered as average. Only low levels of comprehension are achieved at this rate. An adult who reads at this pace will be amazed at what some of the simple techniques will do for his reading speed. Reading at any pace below 100 wpm will probably be read by someone who is still learning to read or perhaps by someone who is reading in a second or third language. At this rate comprehension will be difficult.

How To Start A Photography Business

If you are a keen photographer why not considering turning your hobby into a business. The field of photography is vast and can incorporated:

• Weddings
• Portraits
• Commercial
• Stock
• Pets
• Scientific
• Food

As you can see there are a range of niches within photography. I know a couple of people who make a very good living simply taking photos of food. Most photographers will concentrate on a couple of niche areas and build up their reputation in these fields, getting well known in a niche area is vital to survive in a competitive market such as this one.

The beauty of self employment is that there are no job interviews, no courses to sit and no qualifications to get before you can start. Anyone can become a photographer. That said I would not advise setting up until you know your equipment inside and out and are confident that the photos you take are of a professional standard.

If you would like to further your credentials you could possibly participate in a short photography course at your local college or community center or even enroll on a more in depth night class at a local university.

Professional photography equipment is very expensive to buy despite advances in technology have made good quality equipment affordable for everyone. Ideally you'll need to purchase the following. You'll need a decent quality camera, a tripod, lightbox, filters, lighting, a certain decent photo processing software. The good news is that this stuff is affordable and you can pick up a lot of bargains on eBay. In addition to this decent software came be had for free check out http://www.gimp.org/ for an excellent example.

OK, so you've made your mind up, you've got your equipment and you're ready to start, now where are those customers gonna come from?

• Portfolio - Keep it simple here, you do not need to show your customers everything you've ever taken. Just show a decent mix of the shots you can take showing the quality of your work.
• Website - This is vital it can be used to showcase your portfolio, an e-commerce facility can sell your work and you can consider using AdWords and search engine optimization methods to drive traffic to your site and increase your customer base.
• Paint a picture - If you're showcasing your work to potential clients, try to use framed shots rather than just images on a screen these paint a picture in your clients eye and make them much more likely to buy.
• Use promotional flyers and postcards to showcase your work, put these in local shops, libraries, community centers etc.
• Consider using other local business to promote your work. You could provide local coffee shops, cafe's, gift shops etc. with framed pictures to put on their walls, these could also be offered for sale giving you an extra income stream.

You'll need to register with the appropriate body for tax purposes. In the UK you need to register with Revenue and Customs. You've got three months to register once you've started trading but you need to keep your records from day one. Bookkeeping does not need to be a complicated business at its most basic level just need to record everything coming in and going out of the business. That said there are a number of sophisticated systems out there on the market such as Sage Accounts and Quickbooks which you can buy to make the process easier for you.

To assist with this it's always worth setting up a separate business bank account. Most high street banks will allow you a fee free period to use their services. Once this period is up you will usually pay charges based on the number of and nature of transactions you make.

You may also want to consider public liability insurance although not necessarily a legal requirement it'll cover you for any accidents or accidents that arise as a result of you being in work. Typical cover will be in the region of 2 million pounds but as the risk for this type of business is minimal the premium should be easily affordable.

Overall, setting up a photography business can be very straightforward and well within the reach of most amateur photographers to turn their hobby into a business.

Types of War

War has been defined in various ways. For present purposes, we may define was sustained sustained intergruop violence in which state military forces participate at least one side or on both sides in the case of interstate war and generally on only one side is the case of civil war. In a world of standing military forces it is hard to say exactly where peace ends and war begins. A military battle that is not sustained over time may or may not be considered a war. The brief Chinese-Soviet border clashes in March and July 1969, for example, entailed several small battles at a few points along the border, in which some hundred of people were killed. Similar ambigous is a long term violent struggle involving irregular forces, such as in Northern Ireland. There, uniformed British military forces waged a sustained violent struggle with a non state army, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), until a cease-fire that has held on and off since 1995.

Thus, many different activities are covered by the general term war. Consequently, it is not easy to say how many wars are going on in the world at the moment. Wars are very diverse. Several types of war tend to arise from different situations and play different types of roles in bargaining over conflicts. Starting from the largest wars, we may distinguish the following main categories.

Hegemonic War is a war over control of the entire world order - the rules of the international system as a whole, including the role of world hegemony. This class of wars is also known as global war, world war, general war or systemic war. The last hegemonic war was World War II.

Total War is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another. The goal is to reach the capital city and force the surrender of the government, which can then be replaced with one of the victor's choosing. The 2003 Iraq War is a classic case. Napoleonic Wars, which introduced large-scale conscription and geared the entire French International economy toward the war effort. In total war, the entire society mobilized for the struggle, the entire society of the enemy is considered a legitimate target.

Limited War includes military actions carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy. For instance, the US led war against Iraq in 1991 retook the territory of Kuwait but did not go on to Baghdad to topple Saddam Hussain's government. Many border wars have this character; after occupying the land it wants, a state may stop short and defend its gains.

Civil War refers to war between transactions within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state or some territorial part of it. The US Civil War of the 1860's is a good example of a secessionist civil war.

Guerrilla War which includes certain kinds of civil wars is a warfare without front lines. Irregular forces operate in the mid of and often hidden or protected by, civil populations. The purpose is not to directly confront an enemy army but rather to harass and punish it as as to gradually limit its operation and effectively liberate territory from its control.

In short, Wars are constantly taking place between states as well as in the states since theception of history itself. It will remain to the world exists because of various desires of individuals and state-actors as well.

Global Business? Speak the Language and Content of Your Client

According to many sociologists, in the last decades we have been experiencing a "sea change" in several fields of humanity, from technology, science, economy to politics. This huge shift they talk about is called "Globalization" and it has seriously affected our lifestyle, our habits, the entire social structure and hence the way we deal with the contemporary world.

As a matter of fact, our world seems to have been experiencing a sort of time-space compression since 1972, as a famous anthropologist and geographer, namely David Harvey, affirmed in his famous book The condition of Postmodernity: An inquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (HARVEY, David, The condition of Postmodernity: An inquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Blackwell, 1992). Think out to the rapid flow of information triggered by the ICT revolution that nowdays enables us to send a message to the other side of the world in real time through "a click on the palm of our hand". Think out to the increased flexibility of the means of transports thanks to the technological advances that enable us to move through the world in a matter of hours. All these improvements have made the world get smaller and smaller in a metaphorical sense so that today in the business field organizations are no longer bounded by their geographical location.

All of a sudden, their markets have no limits at all and they can start looking at new opportunities overseas where they could not even imagine going only some years ago. In other words, what happens is that they become global and, as they achieve this new status, their new customer targets are no longer exclusively composed of local clients. New global segments emerge that share more or less the same lifestyle thanks to globalization. For instance, the Chinese women of the emerging middle-class act like and identify themselves with the American women.

Companies willing to internationalize have a desperate need to start off from internationalizing their communication ... but, would not it be enough to use English for their foreign communication ?? Perhaps, the jury is still out on this issue but No ! We definitely think No and we are going to show you why below.

Multilingual communication: fundamental for going global in business

In today's global economy multilingual communication is an essential tool to succeed in business because:

• Buyers in every country are increasingly demanding products or services described in their own language
• companies that realize the point above too late inevitably lose market shares and 33% reduction in long-term profitability of the product life cycle on average, according to McKinsey & Co
• companies' global brands decline in value if they speak a non-local language

Unfortunately, it seems that many organizations are failing to address their efforts towards localization and translations along with creating relevant and valuable multilingual digital content. If they do it, most of the time is just an accidental process without yet a carefully considered plan nor relying on a well-conceivable strategy behind it.

Redefining the value of content management: towards multilingual global content management

The user, potentially interested in a product or service just just Googles it on the Internet and guess what? Among the Google's list of results, he picks out and clicks only on those delivered in his own language. This action will be repeated in any touch point of its online journey before ending up purchasing the searched product or service.

Therefore, what a business would better do is to start redefining the value of its content management and upgrade it to a multilingual global content management. The later drives the global customer experience, increases the customer satisfaction, promotes the brand awareness, its consistency and supports the time to market goals. Moreover, since the content is a significant corporate asset, it must be managed as any other corporate asset, since it is imperative to turn it into a multilingual one and working relentlessly on its translation to the client / user's idiom.

As the former German Chancellor Willy Brandt once said:

If I'm selling to you, I speak your language. If I'm buying, dann müssen Sie Deutsch sprechen.

(Then we must speak German)

Although one might be induced to think that simply embedding a Google Translator plugin into his business website would do the trick, it would soon find out how short sighted this choice is. Not only would translations turn out to be of poor quality but this would also heavily affect the reputation of its business and brand.

Furthermore, a global economy is more and more requiring not only a multilingual content but also a content which is appropriate to the targeted population. In other words, a business must meet the expectations in terms of localization and translation processes of a targeted country, otherwise even a perfectly translated message may sound weird for a native speaker.

For instance, a Spanish firm could use in its website an expression such as

llevar el gato al agua - to take the cat to the water

to highlight that they have fulfilled a very complex task in a particular job, a feat.

Clearly, the English translation does not convey the same meaning of the original Spanish one and a web user would feel puzzled when reading this expression. As a consequence, that business would not be perceived as professional and its reputation would soon break down into pieces. It goes without saying that the user / potential customer would dash off to another business website and, sometimes, buy a product or service from the competitor.

How to Get Rid of Collembola (Also Known As Snow Fleas, Springtails and Ectoparasites)

If you've never heard of Collembola, you're not alone. Until last years, it was thought that these soil borne creatures were essentially harmless. Even doctors vehemently denied that springtails were likely to infest human hair and skin. Folks who suffered from chronic itching, biting and crawling sensations were often considered delusional, but that mindset is slowly changing. Mounting evidence suggests that these micro-tiny pests can be surprisively invasive.

Thanks to the tenacity of folks like Dr. Frans Janssens and his colleague, Dr. Kenneth A. Christiansen, the scientific community is beginning to recognize that springtails can pose a very real threat to human comfort when present in large numbers. The two researchers collected scores of reports from homeowners, doctors, and pest control operators in several countries, including many regions of The United States. Within the gray areas between casual testimony, scientific observation and concrete medical documentation, a startingling picture emerged. Collembola are everywhere, and it's not impossible for them to latch onto humans and animals.

As residents of fertile soil, springtails are likely to be found just about anywhere. The more you water the lawn and apply fertilizer, the happier they'll be. They are considered the most abundant arthropods on earth. Since prehistoric times, they have survived frigid winters and very hot summers, but their numbers decrease exponentially under dry conditions.

Pet owners are particularly vulnerable to collembola infestation. Dogs and cats who traample through moist soil or wet grass can pick up springtails and transport them into the home; However, it's not particularly that springtails will stay attached to pets like fleas without an animal's immune system is compromised (for example, if there's a fungal infection of the skin.) Springtails are easily transferred between humans and animals. Close contact is not necessary. These acrobatic creatures can jump three to four feet. You may not always notice them catapulting through the air. They can be smaller than the head of a pin.

If the thought of a few springtails in the house makes you paranoid, relax. Their ability to divide and conquer will greatly depend upon environmental factors. Do you enjoy growing potted plants indoors? Does your basement tend to flood after a good rain? Can you smell mold behind the bathroom wall? Are you still waiting on a plumber to fix that leaky pipe under the kitchen sink? Who was president the last time you cleaned your air ducts? A moist, moldy environment is like Disneyland to a springtail.

Getting rid of an advanced collembola infestation can be difficult because springtails are not classified as insects. They are defined as hexapods, primitive descendants to modern day bugs. According to organic scientist David Glassel, chemical pesticides have no effect on the hexapod. Only natural insecticides will do the trick, and the best remedy is cedar oil.

Step By Step Guide to Eliminate Collembola Infestation:

1.) Treat yourself and your pets with a topical cedar oil insecticide approved for use with humans and animals. Avoid cosmetic or aroma therapy grade cedar oil. It's not purified, and it usually comes from certain forms of cypress trees. Cedar oil that is formulated for home protection will kill ALL TYPES of parasites on contact, including springtails, lice and all forms of mites. If you're tempted to use an over the counter kit designed for lice control, do not bother. It will not work, it's not enough to cover large areas, and it's just plain not good for you. Such products contain Lindane, a chemical banned for use with animals by the Environmental Protection Agency.

2.) Spray couches, beds and carpets with a fine cedar oil mist. A proper household formula will be very light and pure. In other words, it will not stain fabric.

3.) Use a cedar oil fog machine to penetrate unseen cracks and crevices in the home. Normally, fog machines are considered optional, but advanced springtail infestations require aggressive measures. If you believe your infestation is severe, or if you've actually SEEN large groups of springtails moving over floors and walls, do not mess around.

4.) Use the fog machine to treat air ducts or hire a professional air duct cleaning company. Many people are shocked to discover they have mold in their air ducts. It is not uncommon for mold to develop in your heating and cooling system from the condensation of your air conditioner. Springtails feed upon mold and thrive in moist conditions. Mold can also aggravate asthma and allergies. Air duct treatment addresses all of these difficulties.

5.) Purchase the highest quality furnace filters available at your local store. Filters designed for allergen and dust mite removal are best. Change filters frequently.

6.) Hunt for places where moisture accumulates. Patch leaky roofs and pipes. Seal cracks around basement windows. Pay special attention to bathroom walls and cabinets under sinks.

7.) Remove household plants, especially decorative trees sitting in large potted containers filled with soil. Remember that springtails can be transported directly into your home via bags of potted soil.

8.) Take aggressive measures to control animal populations on your property. Double bag garbage, and do not leave open trash barrels sitting around. Animal foods that are stored outdoors should be kept in airtight containers. Use traps or repellents to control rodents, raccoons and squirrel populations. Resist the urge to pet stray dogs and cats. Report any sightings of feral cats to your local animal control center.

9.) Beware of ultra rich potting soil and wooden landscaping materials. Based on calls placed to our pest control operation from all over the country, springtail populations are often introduced to the home when truckloads of new mulch or soil have been dumped on properties that previously had minimal landscaping. (Mulch traps moisture and promotes the growth of mold.) Seal any cracks around basement windows before distributing natural landscaping materials around the perimeter of the home. If you're worried about collembolla populations outdoors, there are super strength cedar oil concentrates designed to repel mosquitoes and kill insect populations in the grass and soil. Pet breeders, horse keepers, and livestock farmers use cedar oil concentrates to control all types of parasites in barns, pens and pastures. A generous treatment early in the spring or summer will do a lot to destroy eggs and control multiple insect populations before they explode. Veterinarian bills are EXPENSIVE. Destroy parasites before they destroy you!

10.) Last but not least, avoid chemical pesticides. In February of 2011, USA Today ran an article titled "Exposure to Pesticides in Womb Linked to Learning Disabilities." The study focused on peremethrin, a chemical commonly used to battle household pests. As disturbing as this sounds, the topic is nothing new. Scores of scientific studies have linked chemical pesticides to neurological disorders, breast cancer and birth defects in children living near farms where chemicals are sprayed. In a nationally televised ABC World News investigation, spot drop flea and tick drugs were found to cause 44,000 severe reactions in a single year, including multiple deaths.

Top 3 Online Business Ideas

Following are the business ideas that truly have the potential to give millions as the profit and ask for a medium level investment. An online company only requires some online set up costs and labor costs. The costs are certainly lower than making a company with a brick and mortar building which requires an extremely large investment.

A popular idea is to start a magazine online. If you are interested in literature, then maybe you can consider this. All you need are some workers including the editor and graphic designer and some investment to have your magazine printed, and of course interest in the work. You can promote your magazine online by using the social networking sites like Facebook or twitter and also posting ads on the billboards. Once you get enough subscriptions, your magazine will flourish, and you will be a millionaire in no time.

Another idea is to promote some information, some ideas or some of your experience. For this you only need to invest in making a website of your own and then start promoting your own information. For example, you want to promote your experience, ideas and knowledge about weight loss, then either you can start writing an eBook on it and sell it online or you can give information on your website.

You can earn from advertisements on the website or start selling a weight loss related product on it. Or you can also start an online newsletter for a subscription fee. Selling workshops online has also become a very popular method of learning. Worksheets have got a massive demand. You can create your own worksheet or outsource the work to someone and just earn form the profit from selling them. Likewise, you can come up with many different interests of yours that you can actually sell and make money.

Another terrific idea is to start an SEO company in which you can provide SEO services to your clients. This SEO industry is growing a lot nowdays as the number of websites grows. Every person wants their website to come to the highest rank in the search engine and so they require SEO services. What you need to set up an SEO company is your own website on which you have to increase traffic and get clients.

You also require knowledge about how SEO works which you can easily get from online courses. However, a lot of competition in this industry exists, and what you can do to have a competitive advantage is, to keep prices as low as possible and quality as high as possible. One would say that it is not possible to have these two together but actually in an SEO Company, it is possible. This is because the writers, who are required to write articles for website building and for search engine optimization, are available at very cheap rates from the Asian counties. These writers are also talented and can give a fairly high quality of work. With such low investment, there is a potential of approaching huge amounts of money because of its demand, which is continuously increasing.

The Samsung G800 - An Excitement for Lifetime

The Samsung G800 is styled in a unique way and has dimensions that add convenience to the user of this handset. This mobile is a big launch of Samsumg and the handset has lived up to all the expectations of its manufacturers.

The mobile has a 5MP camera that gives a resolution of 2560E1920 pixels. This camera can be used to capture pictures and record videos by zooming into the image with a 3x optical zoom. This mobile can be used in place of a digital camera to click sharp pictures. The photos can then be shared with other devices with the aid of Bluetooth technology. The users of this mobile can make use of the data cables to transfer files to a laptop or a compatible camera. The WAP browser also enables the user to visit various sites and download wallpapers, ringtones, games and videos. These files can then be downloaded and stored in the memory of mobile or transferred to a secondary device. The functionalities of the Samsung G800 are far more extended. This camera-phone is also a good music player and plays music on formats such as MP3, AAC, AAC +, e-AAC + and WMA. The FM radio brings the world of recent events, entertainment and commentary on games. The G800 also sends and receives emails with attached files.

The 160MB memory of the handset allows storing of files that can then be viewed on the TFT display screen at a resolution of 240 x 320 pixels. Everything about his handset is perfect. The phone works on 2G and 3G networks, has dimensions of 101 x 51.1 x 18.8 mm and weighs 134 gms. Connectivity alternatives such as GPRS, EDGE, and 3G add to speed and so file transfer with this handset becomes fast. The battery gives a standby time of 220 hr and a talktime of 3 hr 20 min. So, the handset can be used for long hours without the risk of the battery charge getting elapsed soon. Once you buy this device, you can use it to fulfill all your dreams relating to photography and listening to music. This Samsung phone is available in the UK and also in other countries of the world.